Question one - A picture would help but most likely it is just a stuck shed. If you don't know how to deal with stuck sheds I think there is a sticky on it somewhere in the Ball Pythons section.
Question two - Well, it depends. This seems fine but it might be an indicater that his hide is too small. Either way, it does no damage and probably the snake didn't even realized he was partially out of his hide.
Question three - Most Ball Pythons are head-shy but you can slowly get them used to being touched on their heads. An easy way to do this is to touch them down on their 'neck' and ease your finger along their spine until you reach their head. If you do this a lot, I've found with my Ball Python, that they don't really mind you being near their head anymore.
Question four - You shouldn't hold them for at least a week, even better if you leave them alone for two, but it takes differing amounts for different snakes. Mine was fine after around a week while others could take a month to adjust. As for making them comfortable, just hold them lots and let him get used to you... and two identical hides are also loved.If you have a tank you could also put black paper around three sides to make them feel more comfortable.
Welcome to the wonderful world of Ball Pythons.![]()