Quote Originally Posted by ZinniaZ View Post
However, if these criteria are used in a rigorous scientific manner for any species,
What is the definition of mothering? Mating? Giving birth? Protecting? Or is mothering in the sense of nursing and teaching?

I think before any blanket statements are made, each behavior or action from any animal can be broken down into their basic components and motivations.

If a female snake never wrap her eggs to keep them warm, are her genes meant to pass on?

Very philosophical... hmmm