The water is scolding (should have added that) and of course vinegar has a high pH that kills many microorganisms. Obviously water near boiling temperatures is going to permeate through the wood's crack and crevices incinerating any exoskeletons. As far as how sure I am, I have had a few of these branches in cages for almost 3 years without any incidence. Now that I think about, I think Greg Maxwell would just use soap and water on his wild collected branches with a touch of bleach maybe...of course he is out of the Chondro business now from what I hear now.