At my own Lowe's here in St. Louis, they gardening supplies are pretty sparse, but by walking up and down every single isle, I did find big bags of Vermiculite.
It was NOT easy to find, and not at all where I expected it to be, so all I can tell you is look in every single garden related isle and you'll most likely find it. I think mine was in with the garden lime and other chemicals if I remember correctly. It WAS NOT near the soils, fertilizers, or mulch.
Gale