Probing is just one method that works (best with snakes that are small, or don't have spurs). If it's a baby then you need to probe or pop it, adults are easier to eyeball, especially with balls since they have prolific anal spurs. Males have long spurs and females have very small spurs.
As for eyeballing corn snakes, females will have a tail that tapers off quickly behind the vent, whereas males will taper off slowly and be much longer. If your corn is a decent size and you can see yourself that his tail is fairly long and tapers slowly, then it's probably a male.
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