This ^ ^ ^ is my thought too...since you didn't mention them moving, I'd say bug eggs or bug feces.
FYI, I use natural local branches in some of my snake homes & sometimes one of the branches will have a wood-boring beetle in it; I only know when I start seeing tiny piles of fine sawdust in the cage- the beetle stays in the wood & is harmless. In THIS case though, I'd say either eggs or feces, either way that's a LOT & I'd lose the offending decor if I were you. If you aren't convinced, take it out & double seal it in a clear plastic bag & wait. You might also put those "black specks" in a sealed jar for "observation"...I think you'll know pretty soon. What else is in the cage? Any other natural hiding places? Magnification really helps too...GoingPostal nailed it IMO.