Thanks for the quick reply. For the ball python. i placed the heat mat inside the enclosure with a lot of layers of paper towels to make sure it's not too hot that it would burn his scales, and i placed the thermostat in between the top layer and the bottom layer of the paper towels. it measured around 93f - 95f with different thermometers not just the thermostat probe. My reason for keeping it inside the tank is because the bottom part of the wooden enclosure is thick, approximately around 1.5" - 2". i have tried putting it under but it just won't cut it. it would barely go up in temps even in longer periods of time, plus with my room having an airconditiong unit which is on for at least 14 hours a day. I was thinking of putting tiles on top of the heatmat inside the enclosure but figured if i just put in peat moss then it would be an easier process. With the boa, since he's in a tub enclosure i put the heatmat under. also set on 95f but reads 93f. i've changed it since i've read your comment to 90-92f. Thanks!