Regurgitate is when they vomit a partially digested rodent covered in stomach juices: It is one of the worst smells I have encountered. From your description he spit out a rat he was unable to swallow-then decided not to eat it. There is a chance he may have irritated his throat during the attempt, but, odds are: he is completely fine.
I would wait a week before offering a smaller one. I'm not a fan of feeding larger prey items. I prefer to feed too small as opposed to too large or 'right-sized' by weight...