Wow, that's also happened with one of my past ball pythons who only ate live! It was pretty horrifying. Sometimes they're just ravenous and it happens :\
I wouldn't try to pull it back out of the snake's mouth, because that's not natural for the snake and can damage its teeth. The snake will either spit it back out and kill it again on its own, or the rat will suffocate in a minute anyway while in the snake's throat.
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