I use aspen. I spot clean as necessary and change it all out once a month or if it's noticeably damp/wet. That may be from a spilled bowl or a really big pee/poop or whatever, but if it's not dry it's changed regardless of how soon it's been since I did a whole change (I can tell, because the aspen gets dark when it's wet at all really). Once a month, whether it's obviously gross or not, it gets changed.
More than that just... My snakes don't even go to the bathroom every week! I'm not sure what's growing bacteria, you know?