I agree. Looks like a retained eye cap, which is an old shed that hasn't shed.
As long as your humidity is good, it will come off with the next shed.
Eye caps can impair vision. So the vision issues could be temporary.
However, even if it was permanent, it's not a huge issues. Ball pythons that are born eyeless can thrive just fine. They use their heat sensory and sense of smell to detect prey and the things around them.
As for prey size, what does he weigh?
Large rat for an adult male seems big. All of my adult males get a small rat once a week or less..