one way to calculate it in your head is to look at the genes individually, one by one.


- clown bred to normal produces what? that will be a uniform clutch of 100% het clowns.
- and lesser bred to normal? half will be lessers, the other half will be normals.
put both together. one half will be lesser het clown, the other half will be het clown.

a more complicated example: super pastel to queen bee (lesser pastel spider).

- Super pastel to pastel. Because of the super, all will at least have pastel in them. add another pastel, and half will be pastel, the other half super pastel.
- add spider. one copy present, so half will get spider, the other half wont.
- same with lesser: one half gets it, the other doesnt.

now put it together: 50% pastel and 50% super pastel, and half get the spider gene. that results in 25% pastel, 25% super pastel, 25% pastel spider, 25% super pastel spider. Half of that get the lesser gene, so you get: 12,5% pastel, 12,5% super pastel, 12,5% pastel spider, 12,5% super pastel spider, 12,5% pastel lesser, 12,5% super pastel lesser, 12,5% pastel spider lesser, 12,5% super pastel spider lesser. Basically to add a gene that half the offspring will get, you split all the results you currently have into two halves, and one of these halves gets the gene.

an example with one more complication: Pewter (cinnamon pastel) to pastel.

- pastel to pastel gives you 25% normals, 50% pastel, and 25% super pastel.
- half of them get cinnamon
both combined: 12,5% normals, 25% pastel, 12,5% super pastel, 12,5% cinnamon, 25% pastel cinnamon, 12,5% super pastel cinnamon.


punnet squares work, but have their own complications. You need to work out all possible contributions of the male, and put them on one axis. then you need to work out all possible contributions of the female, put it on the other axis. Then you draw the square, fill all the boxes, and then you need to pull the data out of the square. Often its not even a square, depending on pairings you could get an 8x4 box with 32 little boxes inside.