This keeps it from getting moved by your snake and causing undesirable readings. You need to up the temp on the tstat a bit to get the right temp at the warm spot, but it is the best placement if you can...The thermometer probe should go on the inside.
As far as securing the probe, as you can see in the picture, there is tape that holds it all to the underside of the enclosure around the edges of the heat mat (never use tape INSIDE the inclosure). I don't recommend putting any tape over the probe as it can trap heat and give you high readings. You cans secure the probe wire with a bit of tape, but usually when I set up my tanks...glass or PVC, it stays pretty well.
As far as what kind of tape, I see you're quoting temps in Celsius and Fahrenheit so I assume you're outside the US. I use aluminum HVAC tape that can be found at most hardware stores and should be available in other countries. I do not recommend Sellotape.