As others have confirmed, that is all or part of her oviduct.
I hope that this graphic picture of a well meaning breeder/friend inadvertently tearing internal organs out of their valuable female breeding snake is a warning to other keepers as to just how serious a problem egg binding can be. If you are not a huge breeder who has significant experience with this problem and has observed in person how vets handle this situation, I would strongly discourage people from trying to deal with egg retention on their own. A good herp vet should be your FIRST move.
This is an area where vets have a lot of advantages over the average Joe. Often just fluids, some calcium/oxytosin, and some privacy is all that is needed to get an exhausted female to finish passing her eggs. If an egg is very close to the vent it is sometimes possible to palpate it out however the snake should be sedated and you need to make sure that the oviduct is not coming with it! The chance that you will successfully palpate out an egg that is higher up, out of an awake female snake without hurting her is slim to none.
Using medical management, aspiration of egg contents, endoscopy, and/or surgery a knowledgeable vet should be able to get most eggs out and preserve both the life and the breeding function of the female. A few hundred $ in treatment costs are more than outweighed by the reproductive value of most ball pythons.
This snake still needs a trip to a vet ASAP to prevent infection at the very least.
Good luck and let us know how it turns out.
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