The only way that you can tell with any certainty if an animal is het for pied (or any other recessive trait) is by knowing the genetics of the animals you bred (i.e. if it came from a visual pied and a normal or some other dom/codom parent to a pied). Some people talk about markers like the black "train tracks" that you can see in the above post, and some people believe that another het pied marker is a ring.
The thing with markers is this: not all hets have the markers, and some animals that don't carry the gene can still have the markers. It's not an efficient way of telling the genetics of an animal.
As for the calico/sugar they're supposed to be synonymous like lesser/butter but some say that they're slightly different, it just depends on who you ask.
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