I know they can recover from metabolic bone disease, as for other deficiencies, I'm unsure, but I believe they can. One of my friends' beardies got MBD when the bulb she was using stopped emitting UV but still gave off light. She had to give him mega doses of calcium and D3 and get new bulbs but after some time he recovered. The vet advised her [and subsequently she advised me] to change UV bulbs every 5 months even if they are still emitting light.