NEW Question! Genetics Albino+Axanthic

If I were to make a punnett square to find the offspring of an Albino and an Axanthic ball what would I use for the genetics? Or where could I find all the genetics? Trying to figure out how all this stuff works and plan to breed in the future. Thanks---------------

Read this carefully.
http://www.newenglandreptile.com/gen...recessive.html

It works the same when albinos and axanthics are bred.

what table would i use the Double-het Caramel Glow X Caramel one? exept change the carmel one to all a's since its albino?

Ok....

A ball python that carries both the homozygous albino and homozygous axanthic trait is commonly called a Snow.

In order to produce a Snow, you must first produce double heterzygous albino/axanthics. To produce these, you must breed a homozygous albino to a homozygous axanthic. All offspring will appear normal, but each will be heterzygous for albino and axanthic.

Then you would have to breed a pair of the double heterzygous for Snow animals together. You will have a 1/16 chance of producing a Snow.

To follow along with the example on NERD's site, you would use the Double-het Caramel Glow X Double-het Caramel Glow.....but substitute albino for caramel and axanthic for ghost.

that evasive snow...

i understand the genetics but i cant seem to draw it out on a punnett square

ok so on the first part on that page where it has the parents.. the parents would be albino and axanthic so it would be: aG|Cx right? instead of the carmel|ghost: cG|Cg? if so then what does the capital letter by it stand for? i dont understand this, please help me..

Usually with punnet squares, a letter will represent the gene at a specific loci. A capital letter represents the dominant gene, and the lower case letter represents the recessive gene. For albino, AA would be a normal, Aa would be a het, and aa would be an albino. Some people will use other symbols to signify which gene is dominant over the others, like on the Sutherlands site where a+a+ is normal, and aa is albino.

-Evan

so if i were to make a punnett square for the offspring of an albino and an axanthic it would look like this for the parents? aa|xx... and if you're breeding two homozygous together then you wouldnt do a two by two like you would with the simple recessive ones and just do the table like that? you would combine the genes when you're breeding homozygous to homozygous correct?

Let's break this down to the basics of what a punnet square actually is. When dealing just one trait, the square is two by two. The letters across the top are the possible genes that one parent can pass on, and the letters down the side are for the other parent. Since your only dealing with one trait (two genes) there are only two possibilities (i.e. a het albino can pass on the normal gene, or the albino gene, but not both). It is the same thing with two traits, except the square is four by four. The two traits have nothing to do with each other, and are inherited independant of each other, so there are four possible combinations of genes that can be passed on by each parent. An albino bred to an axanthic would produce ALL double hets, meaning all the offspring would be carriers of both traits, but would look normal since wild-type is donimant over both traits. So if aaXX is an albino, and AAxx is an axanthic, all the offspring would be AaXx. aaXX can only pass on aX, and AAxx can only pass on Ax, so the result can only be AaXx.

-Evan

how could an albino be aaXX? doesnt the x stand for axanthic? wouldnt that mean that its half albino half axanthic.. i know thats not what it means but i just want to know how that works.. like say i just bought an albino and an axanthic ball and were to make a punnett square to find out the offspring.. how would i know which genes or traits to put for each parent?

Quote:

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Originally Posted by BaLLPAddICT

how could an albino be aaXX? doesnt the x stand for axanthic? wouldnt that mean that its half albino half axanthic

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Yes the "x" stands for axanthic, but the "X" (capital) stands for normal.
To review,

AAXX = normal
aaXX = albino
AAxx = axanthic.
AaXx = double het (carriers for both traits)
aaxx = snow (double homozygous recessive)

Remember that the capital letters represent the normal genes, and the lower case represent the recessive genes. Even though the albino isn't even a carrier for the axanthic gene, it does has the normal genes at that loci. You still need to represent what genes it is carrying for that trait (normal ones) because it is a cross involving two traits.

Quote:

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Originally Posted by BaLLPAddICT

..say i just bought an albino and an axanthic ball and were to make a punnett square to find out the offspring.. how would i know which genes or traits to put for each parent?

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No real need to make a punnet square for this cross. An albino can ONLY give an albino gene for the albino trait (a), and ONLY give a normal gene for the axanthic trait (X), so it will pass on aX. Since the axanthic animal can ONLY give a normal gene for the albino trait (A) and ONLY give an axanthic gene for the axanthic trait (x), it will pass on Ax. Therefore all of the offspring will be AaXx.

Read this post about sexual reproduction and inheritance too. It may help you grasp why the punnet square works how it does.

-Evan

Ok thank you VERY VERY much. I think I'm getting this now! Is the wild-type the only dominant form? So all capitals are normal genes right? YAY I understand now! LOL

Quote:

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Originally Posted by BaLLPAddICT

Ok thank you VERY VERY much. I think I'm getting this now! Is the wild-type the only dominant form? So all capitals are normal genes right? YAY I understand now! LOL

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No problem! :D You're almost there! The dominant gene is the capital letter, and wild type (AKA normal) is dominant over the recessive traits (albino, axanthic, clown, hypo etc.), so is represented by the capital letter in crosses involving recessive traits. Those traits that are dominant/codominant are just that; dominant over wild type, so crosses involving these traits the capital letter represents the morph gene.

-Evan

uhh a little confused again lol

Quote:

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Originally Posted by BaLLPAddICT

uhh a little confused again lol

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First a quick def.

Allele-Verison of a gene, an organism can carry only two alleles for each gene loci.

Second realize that....

Ball Python morphs are simply abberant gene mutations that affect the appearance of the organism.

Third.....

Wild-type or normal is just an appearance( in genetics we call this a phenotype) Phenotypes like the normal appearance of ball pythons depend on a number of gene loci. A mutation at an one of those loci can make the organism look different than wild-type.

The three main relationship between different gene verisons--dominant, recessive, or codominant--is determined by looking at an organism that is heterzygous at that particular trait locus.

At some of loci, the Wild-type version masks/hides the effect of the mutant verison--i.e. you see the animal as normal looking despite the fact that it carries the mutant allele. In such a stituation this means the wild-type version (or allele) is dominant over the mutant allele. In Ball pythons an example of this is albino. Het or carriers of the albino allele appear to us as normal looking ball-pythons.

In the case of dominant mutant...the wild-type allele at another locus is being masked by the mutant allele. This means that you only need to carry one copy of the mutant gene to look different than normal.

Finally, co-dominant animals are similar to dominant animals in that you only need to carry one copy of mutant gene to look different. However, in the case of co-dominants if you carry two mutant genes (i.e. you are homozygous dominant) you look different than the carrier (the het.).

For example, pastel BPs are produced when an animal has one Pastel allele and one normal allele. This organism is a het because it has two different alleles. But with dominant and co-dominant mutations the het looks visually different.

Now a Super-Pastel has two pastel alleles. Since an organism can only carry a pair of alleles for each and every gene locus (remember we are diploid-Evan explained this in his link) it has all the alleles it can carry for the pastel locus. Having two pastel allele provides a double dose of pastel and makes you look different han a BP with only a single dose of Pastel (the het or carrier which we just call a Patel).

Hope that helps.

thank you, but that didnt make much sense to me. ill read over it again lol