There seems to be little proof on the net of female rats retaining sperm, lots of hear-say and several articles claim it's not possible for a female rodent to retain for more than a few days.
I've produced hundreds of litters and I normally pull my females before dropping babies and I've never had a female retain or drop a 2nd litter unexpectedly.
Without scientific proof I'm still a skeptic but I wouldn't rule it out either.