Reptile Magazine: Renal Disease in Reptiles and Amphibians

I didn't understand a lot of it and I suspect I'll retain even less, but it's a short article and I feel I'm slightly better informed for having read it.

https://reptilesmagazine.com/renal-d...nd-amphibians/

Good article & a good take-away: (I've personally seen a vet inject in the rear half of the snake's body, & it didn't end well. :( )

"Another important factor when evaluating herptile urology is the renal portal system, wherein blood from the back half of the animal hits the kidneys first before returning to systemic circulation. This is why many veterinarians give injections into the front half of the animal to minimize the drug going directly to the kidneys, where it’ll be either excreted immediately or directly damage the kidney."