Woolly mice designed to engineer mammoth-like elephants

[Bogertophis]

Nothing like a bit of science over breakfast? This is offered as some controversial "food for thought" (from today's BBC- which often has interesting articles not found elsewhere)- first, the link- (the pictures didn't show up below- so see for yourself using the link)

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0...t_bbc_team=crm

Woolly mice designed to engineer mammoth-like elephants


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Pallab GhoshScience Correspondent

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@BBCPallab





Colossal Biosciences

The mice have been genetically modified to be hairier
Genetically engineered woolly mice could one day help populate the Arctic with hairy, genetically modified elephants and help stop the planet warming.
Those are the startling claims being made by a US company that said on Tuesday it had created mice with "mammoth-like traits". Colossal Biosciences' eventual goal is to engineer mammoth-like creatures that could help stop arctic permafrost from melting.
Criticism has flooded in, including that engineering mammoth-like creatures is a big stretch from making mice hairier, as well as being unethical, and that the whole project is a publicity stunt.
But the company says it has been misjudged and that the mouse is an important tool on the path to restoring Earth's depleted nature.

Colossal Biosciences says that the experiments with hairy mice was a step towards genetically modifying elephants to be hairy and better able to withstand the cold.
Its stated goal is to create herds of what it calls mammoth-like creatures to live in the arctic tundra. The company says the creatures' grazing habits would encourage grasslands to flourish and reduce the amount of carbon dioxide being released from melting permafrost.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which is one of the main drivers of global warming.
But critics say there are significant scientific challenges to overcome before these changes in mice can be tried out on elephants.
Colossal's co-founder and CEO, Ben Lam, told BBC News that the woolly mice marked a big step forward.
"We are on track to have the first cold adapted elephant by 2028 and that would mean having the first embryos by the end of 2026," he said.
"Over time we are going to have this entire lineage of cold adapted elephants that we can put back into the wild that can interbreed"

SPL

Artwork: from mouse to a mammoth-like creature in five years, but is it realistic?

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The woolly mice had eight of their genes modified: seven were adapted mice genes related to hair growth and the eighth was a mammoth gene related to increasing body fat.
The researchers found that the animals had longer, curlier hair, but no evidence that the mammoth's fat-increasing gene had an effect.

Colossal Biosciences

The woolly mouse had seven genes associated with hair growth altered to make it hairier

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Colossal Biosciences work has been met with scepticism from scientists not employed by the company. Their concerns include:

• The Colossal team has altered mice genes long known to be related to hair formation and produced hairy mice. It is a huge leap to go from woolly mice to cold-adapted, woolly elephants in just five years.

• It will be hard enough to produce one woolly elephant, but to produce hundreds or thousands needed to restore the arctic tundra would be even more challenging.

• Genetic changes that might work in mice could lead to abnormalities in elephants resulting in animal suffering.

• That these modified creatures would be regarded as freaks by other elephants and rejected by other members of their herd.

"This doesn't seem to have a practical use or any real scientific value," said Dr Helen Wallace of the campaign group GeneWatch.
"It is designed to get publicity, and I think most people will be shocked," she added.

Colossal Biosciences

Founder and CEO of Colossal Biosciences, Ben Lam, says experiments will be carried out on elephants only when his scientific team are confident that the procedures will be safe

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In response, the Colossal researchers say they feel misjudged. Their mouse is a tool, they say, with which to test whether different genetic alterations they have planned are effective and safe before they try them out on elephants.
"Validation that this works is really exciting for this project," says the firm's chief science officer, Prof Beth Shapiro.
She adds that the firm has other research programmes running in parallel, such as studying embryo development and creating artificial wombs for the genetically modified elephants to grow in, and which the company says will ensure that they achieve their target of creating cold adapted elephants in a few years.
Prof Shapiro firmly disputes the allegation that the work is pointless. She says that the firm's plan to reintroduce extinct species, such as the Dodo and Tasmanian Tiger, as well as the mammoth, will fill ecological niches that have been lost, and so restore biodiversity and benefit the environment.
The genetic tools it is developing in the meantime are already helping species at risk of extinction, she adds. These include developing a vaccine for elephants against a deadly virus; the creation of genetically modified marsupials in Australia known as quoll to be resistant to neurotoxins produced by the cane toad; and reintroducing genetic diversity in the pink pigeon in Mauritius.
And Prof Shapiro says that elephants won't suffer. The team is developing techniques to screen only viable embryos, and she believes that they won't be treated as outcasts either.
"We really are only going to be changing a few letters in their DNA code. The elephants will be born to mothers who are not going to see them as freaks because they are going to be very much the same as them, just a lot more hair and can survive colder climates".

More on this storyhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article...-from-the-dead









Genetically modified animals

[MichPlat]

Rather intriguing..


Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk

[Malum Argenteum]

I think this part of the article got skipped in the cut and paste:

If Colossal Biosciences figures out how to de-extinct animals, we won't have to worry about extincting them in the first place. "Critically endangered species?" says Prof Shapiro. "No worries, we'll just recreate 'em once y'all finish killing 'em off, and it will be totally the same. Pinky swear, no take backs." When questioned about possible negative effects of transplanting species in order to effect some change in the environment, Shapiro said "well, in all the instances that humans have translocated animals, there have been only benefits and no observed detrimental effects, so we expect our plan to go just as well. Especially since we're taking our time to do it right; we plan for three more years until completion, which is...well, it is a really long time. Even my wall calendar doesn't go out that far, and it is a really nice calendar." As of press time, Prof Shapiro had not yet read studies undermining the plausibility of Colossal Biosciences' plan, and when asked about the possible role of caribou and muskoxen in Arctic grazing, merely started shaking uncontrollably and muttering 'but they're not real' under her breath.

[Bogertophis]

I think this part of the article got skipped in the cut and paste:

If Colossal Biosciences figures out how to de-extinct animals, we won't have to worry about extincting them in the first place. "Critically endangered species?" says Prof Shapiro. "No worries, we'll just recreate 'em once y'all finish killing 'em off, and it will be totally the same. Pinky swear, no take backs." When questioned about possible negative effects of transplanting species in order to effect some change in the environment, Shapiro said "well, in all the instances that humans have translocated animals, there have been only benefits and no observed detrimental effects, so we expect our plan to go just as well. Especially since we're taking our time to do it right; we plan for three more years until completion, which is...well, it is a really long time. Even my wall calendar doesn't go out that far, and it is a really nice calendar." As of press time, Prof Shapiro had not yet read studies undermining the plausibility of Colossal Biosciences' plan, and when asked about the possible role of caribou and muskoxen in Arctic grazing, merely started shaking uncontrollably and muttering 'but they're not real' under her breath.

Just ask the Aussies about the "only benefits" of translocated animals, or Floridians, for that matter. Not so fast...

[Lord Sorril]

Making a hypertrichosis mouse is nothing new.

There have been multiple projects attempting to de-extinct wooly mammoths over the last few decades-all of them have been enormous money sinks for rich philanthropists. I recall 'Colossal' functioning under a *very similar* name while I was in college--and that was a long time ago and promised mammoths by 2010-no mammoths yet eh?

[Malum Argenteum]

Well, these folks have been busy.

The Return of the Dire Wolf

https://time.com/7274542/colossal-dire-wolf/

Intro:

"Romulus and Remus are doing what puppies do: chasing, tussling, nipping, nuzzling. But there’s something very un-puppylike about the snowy white 6-month olds—their size, for starters. At their young age they already measure nearly 4 ft. long, tip the scales at 80 lb., and could grow to 6 ft. and 150 lb. Then there’s their behavior: the angelic exuberance puppies exhibit in the presence of humans—trotting up for hugs, belly rubs, kisses—is completely absent. They keep their distance, retreating if a person approaches. Even one of the handlers who raised them from birth can get only so close before Romulus and Remus flinch and retreat. This isn’t domestic canine behavior, this is wild lupine behavior: the pups are wolves. Not only that, they’re dire wolves—which means they have cause to be lonely.




The dire wolf once roamed an American range that extended as far south as Venezuela and as far north as Canada, but not a single one has been seen in over 10,000 years, when the species went extinct. Plenty of dire wolf remains have been discovered across the Americas, however, and that presented an opportunity for a company named Colossal Biosciences.

Relying on deft genetic engineering and ancient, preserved DNA, Colossal scientists deciphered the dire wolf genome, rewrote the genetic code of the common gray wolf to match it, and, using domestic dogs as surrogate mothers, brought Romulus, Remus, and their sister, 2-month-old Khaleesi, into the world during three separate births last fall and this winter—effectively for the first time de-extincting a line of beasts whose live gene pool long ago vanished. TIME met the males (Khaleesi was not present due to her young age) at a fenced field in a U.S. wildlife facility on March 24, on the condition that their location remain a secret to protect the animals from prying eyes. "




The rest of the article is at the link above. It seems that most internet chatter points to this Time Mag article as the definitive source, which is a bit peculiar. I poked around Google Scholar and found nothing interesting about Colossal's projects beyond a few quite critical commentaries in Nature and Science.

[bcr229]

[Homebody]

Dire wolves! Pish posh. Dinosaurs! We want dinosaurs.

[lX V1P3R Xl]

I want dinosaurs so bad... lol. Hopefully they'll figure something out in the future but apparently there's no good DNA so far. Technology could improve though... who knows. Regadless, I hope it happens haha

[Bogertophis]

Y'all been watching too much of the Flintstones.