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  1. #1
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    Ball python single gene morph descriptions -need feedback

    My name is Kyle Atkins-Weltman, and I am a snake keeper and undergraduate researcher at the University of Kansas. I am doing a project that involves describing the inheritance and phenotypes of simple dominant or recessive ball python mutations, and I am posting here because I need help from experienced keepers and breeders. Much of my information has come from World of Ball Pythons, which I understand is not a perfectly reliable source, and so I am trying to double check all of my data. Below I have included tables for my current dataset of dominant and recessive morphs, including my current descriptions (? are ones that I need assistance in describing). I have already omitted listings that had no pictures, or no information on the breeder who first proved the trait. Furthermore, phenotypes that were listed as lines of a trait were treated as a single trait to avoid pseudoreplication (though if there is evidence of non-complimentation between different lines of any trait, please let me know). I have also included a document that illustrates our terminology, because as a scientific endeavor we must be consistent. However, I also cannot seem to figure out how to upload non-image attachments to this forum, so any help there is appreciated. I will be more than happy to share any of my findings with those who are interested once the project is finished. Thanks in advance!

    P.S. if there are any new ones that I have missed, please do let me know!
    Dominant morphs:
    Araza Could not determine phenotype
    Ashen Reddish-brown cranial patterning.
    Bald Gene Increased number of blotches, possibly also replacement of vertebral stripe with blotches, lateral background exhibits intrusion of paler colors between blotches, expanded whitewalls around blotches.
    BiancaBall Pale ventral coloration extends further up flanks of animal than in wildtype, particularly in connected blotches; pale coloration dimishes quickly resulting in pixelated appearance with pale yellow or white scales scattered on ventral portion of lateral blotches.
    Black Adder Loss of vertebral stripe. Possible expansion of blotches and absence of disconnected blotches.
    Black Belly Irregular and incomplete dark stripe running along ventral midline.
    Black Knight Appears to be some disruption of the broken vertebral stripe, which only appears in the form of occasional spots.
    Blitz Smaller and more fragmentary blotches with larger internal spots.
    Brite Ball ?
    Calico The more ventral regions of the lateral blotches in this mutant are largely white, with some intrusion of the normal lateral background color, leading to a semi-speckled appearance.
    Coffee Increased invasion of paler brown coloration into dark lateral background coloration between blotches.
    Cupid Could not determine phenotype
    Daisy Lateral blotches tend to be broken up by numerous smaller dark spots rather than one or two large spots. Vertebral stripe possibly more continuous that it typically is.
    Deme Ball ?
    Enigma Could not determine phenotype
    Epic Increased number of dorsally connected blotches, and an increase in the number of spots.
    Freak Could not determine phenotype
    Fuego Could not determine phenotype
    Galaxy Increased number of ventrally connected, multi-spotted lateral blotches. The spots within these blotches are small and irregular, giving a speckled appearance. There is also an increase in spots within the vertebral stripe.
    Genetic Banded (Pacific Coast Reptiles) Pattern consists of large, ventrally connected lateral blotches for the first ~20% of the animal's length. The posterior patterning consists of large blotches that are both ventrally and dorsally connected, forming a banding pattern. Spots are completely absent. Broken vertebral stripe is only present along the first ~20% of the animal, and from the vent to the tip of the tail.
    Harlequin Could not determine phenotype
    High Yellow Could not determine phenotype
    Joppa Could not determine phenotype
    Josie Ball Expansion of ventral whitewall. Three faded white brown spots form a triangle within the normal cranial patterning - with the "point" of the triangle pointing posteriorly. There is also an increased number of spots, largely within the dorsal regions of the ventrally-connected lateral blotches.
    Jumanji Ball Could not determine phenotype
    Kosmos Increased number of disconnected and ventrally connected lateral blotches. Within these blotches, there are many small, irregularly shaped spots, similar to those seen in the Daisy and Galaxy phenotypes. Vertebral stripe is less broken than in wildtype, with some small spots.
    Ktulu Could not determine phenotype
    Leopard Ball Lateral blotches of all types are far larger than in wildtype, often connecting to each other to form large, irregularly shaped brown bands. There is a greater number of spots than in the wildtype, and these largely occur on the dorsal sides of the flanks. The remnants of the broken vertebral stripe can be observed just behind the neck, and from the vent to the tip of the tail.
    Lucifer Could not determine phenotype
    Mandarin ?
    Milk Chocolate Could not determine phenotype
    Nanny Ball The margins of the lateral blotches of all types are far more irregular than in a wildtype, and all have multiple small, irregular spots within them. The vertebral stripe is also more broken than in the wildtype, consisting of a greater number of shorter segments.
    Nova Almost all anterior blotches are single-spotted - spot is directly in the center of the blotch. The spots also occur within the broken vertebral stripe. Coloration of broken vertebral stripe is slightly brighter than the lateral blotches. Increased lateral background coloration within darkwall.
    Nyala Could not determine phenotype
    Ofy Lateral blotches are anteropsoteriorly elongated, leading to far thinner black banding. There is also a darker brown stripe between the pale ventral coloration and the typical lateral background coloration, with small flecks of black. The cranial pattern has three light brown spots, forming a triangle that points posteriorly.
    Orange Glow Lateral blotches are anteroposteriorly expanded, leading to largely brown flanks, with multiple spots. There appear to be no disconnected lateral blotches. The broken vertebral stripe is only present on the neck of the animal.
    Pinstripe The body is largely brown, with two irregular, broken black lateral stripes on the dorsolateral part of the animal. Sometimes, black coloration will project ventrally rom these broken stripes, forming something reminiscent of the wild-type pattern. There are also black spots and flecking along the body as in the wild-type. The head is brown rather than black, and each stripe that goes through the eyes is bordered dorsally by a dark brown stripe.
    Radioactive Pattern is somewhat similar to the wild-type, but the Copper brown coloration is replaced with a bright yellow. Additionally, there is a great number of small brown flecks within the yellow blotches.
    Raven Could not determine phenotype
    Reaper [Seems very similar to Galaxy and Daisy mutants]
    Redhead Reddish-brown cranial pattern, and an increased number of spots within the lateral blotches. Based on 3 photos of one individual.
    Sienna There is a larger number of dorsally connected, multi-spotted lateral blotches in this phenotype. Some blotches are both dorsally and ventrally connected, forming irregularly shaped transverse bands.
    Sierra ?
    Solar Ball ?
    Spider Largely brown or tan rather than black, with white or off-white ventral coloration extending dorsally, which may include flecks of tan and brown. Black patterning forms very thin partial bands in some areas, as well as dorsal and lateral spots of varying size. There is a black band going across the internasals, which projects laterally to the nasals where it becomes a lateral stripe. This stripe extends posteriorly through the eye to the rearmost supralabial, where it then projects ventrally to posteriormost infralabial. Two stripes also project posteriorly from the internasals, extending to the frontals.
    Splash ?
    Static There is a greater number of dorsally-connected lateral blotches, which may also be ventrally connected to form irregular band-like patterning. Spots are irregularly distributed within these blotches. The ventral scutes show two broken, irregular longitudinal stripes of small black spots, which merge at the midline of the scutes just anterior to the vent.
    Sugar Very similar to Calico - the flanks in this mutant show a white coloration within the ventrally connected lateral blotches. Disconnected blotches are absent. Also, broken vertebral stripe is only present on the neck, and from the vent to the tip of the tail.
    Super Reduced Pattern This phenotype has far larger lateral blotches than in the wildtype, which are both ventrally and dorsally connected, Spots are far fewer in number, and broken vertebral stripe is entirely absent.
    Trick This phenotype has a greater number of lateral blotches, the vast majority of which are multi-spotted.
    Twister Could not determine phenotype
    Web There is a greater number of ventrally connected blotches in this phenotype, with some extending dorsally to form irregularly shaped bands. Spots are almost entirely absent. Posteriorly, the vertebral stripe is more broken than in the wildtype.
    Wilbanks Granite ?
    Woma Nearly identical to the "Spider" mutant phenotype, but without the white patterning on the sides.
    Recessive morphs:
    Albino Brown is replaced with varying shades of orange or yellow, black is replaced with white, and the eyes are red. Standard Tyrosinase-negative albino phenotype
    Atomic Could not find accessible photos.
    Autumn Gloss Vertebral stripe far less broken than in wildtype, almost completely connected from the base of the head to the tail. Ventrally-connected lateral blotches are heavily spotted. Based on four photos of one individual.
    Axanthic Same pattern as wild-type but browns are replaced with shades of gray. Supposedly become more brown with age.
    Banded Patterning consists of anteroposteriorly elongated ventrally and dorsally connected blotches, forming large tranverse bands. Spots are largely reduced, but are still present. Broken vertebral stripe absent except in the neck and from the vent to the tip of the tail. Also, ocular stripe is dorsoventrally expanded, encompassing the whole eye. There are 2 broken black stripes running along the vent.
    Bengal Copper coloration replaced with orange-brown, with greater intrusion of lateral background coloration into darkwall.
    Black Axanthic Incompatible with regular "axanthics" based on cross-breeding. Similar phenotype to regular axanthics, but do not gain brown coloration with age.
    Black Lace Vertebral stripe is far more connected than in the wildtype, and disconnected lateral blotches form occeli along the flanks.
    Caramel Albino Same pattern as wildtype, but with black replaced with a pale purple-lavender, and brown replaced with orange-yellow. Whitewall may be either white or cream-colored.
    Citrus Hypo Copper coloration replaced with orange, cranial pattern coloration is largely orange instead of black, though the margins still show the original black coloration.
    Clown Need help with this one
    Desert Ghost Copper brown coloration and all shades of brown replaced with shades of gray. Pattern identical to wild-type.
    Enhancer Ball Copper brown coloration replaced with shades of yellow. Dorsal head coloration is a light brown with black margin.
    G1 Hypo Brown colorations somewhat lighter than in wildtype, and the cranial patterning is lighter brown with a black margin
    Genetic Stripe Vertebral stripe is almost entirely unbroken. Additionally, there are no blotches on the flanks - instead, the flanks are largely Copper-brown, with occasional patches of darker brown.
    Ghost Copper brown is replaced with a light orange-brown color, with greater intrusion of lateral background color into the darkwall. Ventrall whitewall is expanded. Pattern is identical to wild-type. Based on 8 photos of 3 individuals.
    Lavender Albino Identical to Albino mutant, but black is replaced with lavender. Pattern is identical to wild-type. Based on 12 photos of 6 individuals.
    Monarch Copper brown is replaced with a tan-orange color, while black is replaced with a reddish brown.
    Orange Crush Copper brown is replaced with tan, and there is an increased intrusion of brown into the dorsal background coloration.
    Patternless All black coloration is absent - the only pattern remaining is the dorsoventral coloration, and there is a subtle remnant of the head patterning.
    Piebald Varying degrees of large, pure-white patches distributed across the body. Otherwise, color and pattern are normal
    Puzzle Ball ?
    Sahara Copper brown is replaced with an off-white color.
    Sentinel Copper brown is replaced with orange-brown, and there is an inrecased amount of this lateral background color showing within the darkwalls and the dorsal background coloration.
    Sunset Ball Copper brown is replaced with an orange coloration, while the black color is replaced with a reddish-brown.
    Toffee [Cannot visually distinguish from Lavender albino based on 14 photos of 5 individuals]
    Tri-Stripe Largely brown, with three broken black stripes running down the length of the animal. The blotches of the wildtype pattern here merge together to form largely Copper brown flanks, with darkwalls extending dorsally from the vent as in the wildtype.
    Albino Brown is replaced with varying shades of orange or yellow, black is replaced with white, and the eyes are red. Standard Tyrosinase-negative albino phenotype
    Atomic Could not find accessible photos.
    Autumn Gloss Vertebral stripe far less broken than in wildtype, almost completely connected from the base of the head to the tail. Ventrally-connected lateral blotches are heavily spotted. Based on four photos of one individual.
    Axanthic Same pattern as wild-type but browns are replaced with shades of gray. Supposedly become more brown with age.
    Banded Patterning consists of anteroposteriorly elongated ventrally and dorsally connected blotches, forming large tranverse bands. Spots are largely reduced, but are still present. Broken vertebral stripe absent except in the neck and from the vent to the tip of the tail. Also, ocular stripe is dorsoventrally expanded, encompassing the whole eye. There are 2 broken black stripes running along the vent.
    Bengal Copper coloration replaced with orange-brown, with greater intrusion of lateral background coloration into darkwall.
    Black Axanthic Incompatible with regular "axanthics" based on cross-breeding. Similar phenotype to regular axanthics, but do not gain brown coloration with age.
    Black Lace Vertebral stripe is far more connected than in the wildtype, and disconnected lateral blotches form occeli along the flanks.
    Caramel Albino Same pattern as wildtype, but with black replaced with a pale purple-lavender, and brown replaced with orange-yellow. Whitewall may be either white or cream-colored.
    Citrus Hypo Copper coloration replaced with orange, cranial pattern coloration is largely orange instead of black, though the margins still show the original black coloration.
    Clown Need help with this one
    Desert Ghost Copper brown coloration and all shades of brown replaced with shades of gray. Pattern identical to wild-type.
    Enhancer Ball Copper brown coloration replaced with shades of yellow. Dorsal head coloration is a light brown with black margin.
    G1 Hypo Brown colorations somewhat lighter than in wildtype, and the cranial patterning is lighter brown with a black margin
    Genetic Stripe Vertebral stripe is almost entirely unbroken. Additionally, there are no blotches on the flanks - instead, the flanks are largely Copper-brown, with occasional patches of darker brown.
    Ghost Copper brown is replaced with a light orange-brown color, with greater intrusion of lateral background color into the darkwall. Ventrall whitewall is expanded. Pattern is identical to wild-type. Based on 8 photos of 3 individuals.
    Lavender Albino Identical to Albino mutant, but black is replaced with lavender. Pattern is identical to wild-type. Based on 12 photos of 6 individuals.
    Monarch Copper brown is replaced with a tan-orange color, while black is replaced with a reddish brown.
    Orange Crush Copper brown is replaced with tan, and there is an increased intrusion of brown into the dorsal background coloration.
    Patternless All black coloration is absent - the only pattern remaining is the dorsoventral coloration, and there is a subtle remnant of the head patterning.
    Piebald Varying degrees of large, pure-white patches distributed across the body. Otherwise, color and pattern are normal
    Puzzle Ball ?
    Sahara Copper brown is replaced with an off-white color.
    Sentinel Copper brown is replaced with orange-brown, and there is an inrecased amount of this lateral background color showing within the darkwalls and the dorsal background coloration.
    Sunset Ball Copper brown is replaced with an orange coloration, while the black color is replaced with a reddish-brown.
    Toffee [Cannot visually distinguish from Lavender albino based on 14 photos of 5 individuals]
    Tri-Stripe Largely brown, with three broken black stripes running down the length of the animal. The blotches of the wildtype pattern here merge together to form largely Copper brown flanks, with darkwalls extending dorsally from the vent as in the wildtype.

  2. The Following 5 Users Say Thank You to reptilelover1995 For This Useful Post:

    Albert Clark (10-04-2017),Ax01 (10-04-2017),Devenco (01-13-2018),ShannaK (12-09-2017),ViolentTides (10-04-2017)

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